Figure 1.

Millimolar minoxidil increases the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) independently of adenosine receptors. (A) Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with minoxidil (MXD) for 10 h in the presence 8-SPT (1 μM), an adenosine receptor antagonist, and VEGF secretion was monitored in cell culture supernatants by ELISA; (B) the same experiment was performed in human dermal papilla cells (DPCs). The data represent the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) (n = 5). * p < 0.05 versus untreated group. NS: not significant.