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. 2017 Dec 27;19(1):59. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010059

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Representative recordings of the CAP-induced CSAR are shown by the RSNA and MAP responses to the epicardial application of CAP (A); the effect of the epicardial application of CAP on RSNA and MAP in control, OB, and OH rats (B); the effect of the epicardial application of CAP on plasma (NE) levels in OB, and OH rats (C). For each group, n = 6. The values are mean ± SE. * p < 0.05 versus control; # p < 0.05 versus OB; $ p < 0.05 versus OB+vehicle; ! p < 0.05 versus OH+vehicle. CAP: capsaicin; CSAR: cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex; ABP: arterial blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; RSNA: renal sympathetic nerve activity; OR: obesity resistant; OB: obesity without hypertension; OH: obesity-related hypertension; NE: norepinephrine.