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. 2017 Dec 28;19(1):90. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010090

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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ERK and Akt signaling play opposing roles in regulating PPARγ expression. (A) Protein levels of p-AMPKα, p-ERK, and p-Akt in tenocytes cultured in low- or high-glucose conditions were measured. At day 3, after tenocytes in high-glucose conditions were treated with AICAR, PD98059, or LY294002 for 6 h; (B) p-AMPKα; (D) p-ERK; and (F) p-Akt protein levels were examined; and (C,E,G) the mRNA expression levels of adipogenic markers and α-SMA that were altered by high glucose were analyzed, respectively. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 4). Statistical significance is shown as ** p < 0.01 compared to the DMSO-treated control group.