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. 2018 Jan 3;19(1):132. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010132

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Canonical regulation of transcription by retinoids. (A) Without retinoic acid (yellow dots), RAR-RXR receptors together with corepressors form a repressor complex with histone deacetylase activity, which keeps the chromatin in a “condensed” state; (B) Addition of retinoic acid—delivered to the nucleus by CRABP—induces conformational changes in RAR:RXR receptors, the repressor complex is released and a coactivator complex with histone acetyltransferase activity is formed. Such activity induces a “loose” state of chromatin required for active gene transcription.