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. 2018 Jan 6;19(1):165. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010165

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Evaluation of autophagy in muscle, adipose tissue and liver from healthy and EMS individuals. Using RT-PCR, the expression of mTOR (A), PI3K (B), AKT (C), Beclin-3 (D), LC3 (E), the ratio of Beclin/LAMP2 (F) and LAMP2 (G) was investigated. Using immunofluorescence, intracellular localization of LAMP2 in samples was examined (H). TEM analysis allowed for visualization of autophagosomes’ formation (indicated with red arrows (I)). LD, lipid droplets; AP, autophagosomes. Results expressed as the mean ± S.D. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Scale bars: confocal 20 µm, transmission electron microscope (TEM) 200 nm.

Evaluation of autophagy in muscle, adipose tissue and liver from healthy and EMS individuals. Using RT-PCR, the expression of mTOR (A), PI3K (B), AKT (C), Beclin-3 (D), LC3 (E), the ratio of Beclin/LAMP2 (F) and LAMP2 (G) was investigated. Using immunofluorescence, intracellular localization of LAMP2 in samples was examined (H). TEM analysis allowed for visualization of autophagosomes’ formation (indicated with red arrows (I)). LD, lipid droplets; AP, autophagosomes. Results expressed as the mean ± S.D. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Scale bars: confocal 20 µm, transmission electron microscope (TEM) 200 nm.