Table 1.
Metabolic and lipid profile in healthy, ageing and chronic renal failure.
| Study | Sample (n) | Protocol | Key Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asztalos et al., 2016 [14] | Healthy (121) | 600 EPA mg vs. 1800 mg EPA vs. 600 mg DHA daily vs. placebo, 6 weeks | High dose EPA decreased TRL fasted (−14.6%) and TRL post prandial (−12.6%) DHA decreased postprandial TG (−20.0%), and increased fasting and postprandial LDL (18.4%) No effect of low dose EPA |
| Polus et al., 2016 [15] | Obese women (59) | 360 mg EPA and 1290 mg DHA daily vs. placebo, 3 months | Decreased fasting TG (−17.6%) and insulin (−12.1%) No effect on NEFA, TC, HDL, LDL, FBG |
| Logan & Spriet, 2015 [16] | Elderly women (24) | 360 mg EPA + 1290 mg DHA daily vs. placebo, 12 weeks | Decreased TG (−29%) No effect on insulin or FBG |
| Smith et al., 2015 [17] | Elderly (60) | 1860 mg EPA + 1500 mg DHA daily vs. placebo, 6 months | No effect on TG, HDL, LDL, FBG |
| Alves Luzia et al., 2015 [18] | Menopause women (74) | 540 mg EPA + 360 mg DHA + 400 vit E (or placebo) daily vs. placebo, 3 months | Decreased TC in omega 3 group (−5.4%), omega 3 + vit E (−7.5%) and control (−1.0%). Decreased LDL in omega 3 (−8.4%) and omega 3 + vit E (−7.3%), increased LDL in control (8.3%) |
| Moeinzadeh et al., 2016 [19] | Hemodialysis (52) | 540 mg EPA + 360 mg DHA daily vs. placebo, 6 months | No effect on serum albumin, LDL, TC, and TG |
| Kajbaf et al., 2016 [20] | Hemodialysis (54) | 540 mg EPA + 360 mg DHA daily vs. placebo, 6 months | Increased HDL (27.5%) and increased urea reduction ratio (1.54%) No effect on serum albumin, LDL, TC, and TG |
| Gharekhani et al., 2016 [21] | Hemodialysis (54) | 1080 mg EPA + 720 mg DHA daily vs. placebo, 4 months | Decreased serum TC (−5.37%) and HDL (−30.9%). TG reduced only compared to placebo No effect on insulin, leptin, adiponectin, FPG, LDL, HOMA-IR |
| Deger et al., 2016 [22] | Hemodialysis (20) | 1914 mg EPA + 957 mg DHA daily vs. placebo, 12 weeks | No effect on FBG and HOMA-IR |
| Omrani et al., 2015 [23] | Hemodialysis (60) | 80 mg EPA + 120 mg DHA daily vs. placebo, 10 weeks | Reduced TC in both experimental (−23.9%) and control (−7.7%) group No effect on HDL, LDL, and TG |
| Naini et al., 2015 [26] | CAPD (90) | 540 mg EPA + 360 mg DHA daily vs. placebo, 8 weeks | No effect on serum TG, TC, HDL, and LDL |
| Taheri et al., 2014 [25] | CAPD (90) | 540 mg EPA + 360 mg DHA daily vs. placebo, 8 weeks | No effect on lipid profile |
TRL: triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; TG: triglycerides; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; NEFA: non esterified fatty acids; FBG: fasting blood glucose; TC: total cholesterol; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance; CAPD: chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.