ATGL	Adipose triglyceride lipase
DG	Diglyceride
DM	Diabetes mellitus
F-1,6-BP	Fructose 1,6 biphosphate
FFA	Free fatty acid
GA	Gallic acid
GLUT4	Glucose transporter-4
HFD	High-fructose diet
IR	Insulin receptor
IRS	IR substrate
IRS-1	IR substrate 1
LDL-C	Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol
NOAEL	No-observed-adverse-effect level
PFK	Phosphofructokinase
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
PK	Pyruvate kinase
PKB	Akt/protein kinase B
PKC	Protein kinase C
PKC-ζ	Protein kinase C-zeta
STZ	Streptozotocin
T2DM	Type 2 DM
TG	Triglyceride