2-HG |
R(−)-2-hydroyglutarate |
α-KG |
α-ketoglutarate |
ABL |
Abelson tyrosine protein kinase |
AC |
articular cartilage |
ADIPOR |
adiponectin receptor |
ADSF |
adipose tissue-specific secretory factor |
AKT |
v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog |
AMPK |
AMP-activated protein kinase |
AP-1 |
activator protein 1 |
ARF |
alternative reading frame |
ATO |
arsenic trioxide |
BCL-XL |
B-cell lymphoma-extra large |
CCL |
C-C motif chemokine ligand |
CCR |
C-C motif chemokine receptor |
CD |
cluster of differentiation |
CDK4 |
cyclin dependent kinase 4 |
CDKN2A |
cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A |
COL2A1 |
collagen type II α 1 chain |
COX-2 |
cyclooxygenase 2 |
CTGF |
connective tissue growth factor |
CXCL12 |
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 |
CXCR4 |
C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 |
DHH |
desert hedgehog |
DDK1 |
dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 |
ECM |
extracellular matrix |
ERK |
extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
ET-1 |
endothelin-1 |
ETS |
avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog |
FAK |
focal adhesion kinase |
FGF2 |
fibroblast growth factor |
FGFR1 |
fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 |
FZD3 |
frizzled-3 |
GLI |
glioma associated oncogene family |
HDAC6 |
histone deacetylase 6 |
HES1 |
hairy and enhancer of split 1 |
HEY |
hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif |
Hh |
hedgehog |
HIF-1α |
hypoxia-inducible factor-1α |
HLA-DR |
human leukocyte antigen—antigen D related |
HSC |
hematopoietic stem cells |
ICAM |
intercellular adhesion molecule |
IDH |
isocitrate dehydrogenase |
IGF |
insulin like growth factor |
IGF1R |
insulin like growth factor 1 receptor |
IHH |
indian hedgehog |
ISCT |
International Society for Cellular Therapy |
JAG1 |
jagged 1 |
JMJC |
jumonjiC domain-containing |
MAPK |
mitogen activated protein kinase |
MCL-1 |
myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 |
MDM2 |
mouse double minute 2 |
MDR1 |
multidrug resistance protein 1 |
MEK |
MAPK/ERK kinase |
MMP |
matrix metalloproteinases |
MSC |
mesenchymal stem cells |
MSPC |
mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells |
mTOR |
mammalian target of rapamycin |
NADPH |
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
NF-κB |
nuclear factor kappa B |
NOTCH |
notch homolog |
OA |
osteoarthritis |
OPN |
osteopontin |
p70S6K |
p70 S6 kinase |
PDGFR |
platelet derived growth factor receptor |
PHD |
prolyl hydroxylase |
PI3K |
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
PIIBNP |
collagen type IIB splice variant |
PD-L1 |
programmed cell death ligand 1 |
PGP-1 |
phagocytic glycoprotein 1 |
PTCH1 |
patched 1 |
r |
recombinant |
RANKL |
receptor activator of NF-κB ligand |
RANTES |
regulated upon activation, normally T-expressed, and presumably secreted |
RB |
retinoblastoma suspectibility protein |
RET |
rearranged during transfection |
RGS16 |
regulator of G-protein signaling 16 |
RUNX2 |
runt related transcription factor 2 |
SHH |
sonic hedgehog |
SMO |
smoothened |
SNP |
single nucleotide polymorphism |
SOX |
SRY-related HMG box-containing |
STRO-1 |
stromal cell surface marker-1 |
SZ |
superficial zone |
TIE2 |
tyrosine kinase with Ig and EGF homology domains-2 |
TET |
ten-eleven-translocation |
VEGF |
vascular endothelial growth factor |
VEGFR |
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor |
WHO |
World Health Organization |
WIF1 |
WNT inhibitory factor 1 |
WNT |
wingless-type MMTV integration site family |