Table 6.
Spectroscopic nanoprobes and sensors for detecting hydroxyl radical.
| Type of Material | Probe | Detection Type | LOD | Advantages/Disadvantages | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poly lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles | Coumarin-3-carboxylic acid Neutral red (reference dye) |
Fluorometric | - | Advantage: -Compared with H2O2, HOCl, 1O2, probe is more selective for •OH |
[130] |
| Amine-functionalized polyacrylamide nanoparticles | Coumarin-3-carboxylic acid Texas Red-Dextran (reference dye) |
Fluorometric | - | - | [133] |
| Upconversion nanoparticle | Modified orange G | Fluorometric | 1.2 fmol·L−1 | Advantage: -Low LOD -High selectivity and stability -Low cytotoxicity -Fine cellular uptake |
[103] |
| Gold nanoparticle protected by BSA | 2-[6-(4′-hydroxy)phenoxy-3H-xanthen-3-on-9-yl] benzoic acid | Fluorometric | 0.68 μmol·L−1 | Advantage: -Relatively low selectivity over ONOO− and HOCl |
[134] |
| Thiol-capped CdTe and CdTe/ZnS quantum dots | GSH-CdTe@ZnS MPA-CdTe@ZnS TGACdTe MPA-CdTe |
Fluorometric | 8.5 × 10-8 mol·L−1 (for GSH-CdTe@ZnS) |
Advantage: -Reasonable selectivity over H2O2 and ONOO− |
[135] |
| XAD-7 methacrylate | Nitrophenol | Spectrophotometric | Linear range: 3.6 × 10−6–8.0 × 10−2 mol·L−1 | Advantage: -Multiple end product formation between nitrophenol and •OH |
[136] |
| Nafion membrane | Terephthalate | Spectrophotometric | - | Advantage: -Sensitive and specific biomarker due to single product formation |
[132] |