Table 1.
Prevalence of self-harm by sample characteristics (N = 5726)
| Variables | n (%) | Highly lethal self-harm | Less lethal self-harm with visible tissue damage | Self-harm without visible tissue damage | Self-harmful behaviors with latency damage | Psychological self-harm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 2878 (50.3) | 197 (6.8) | 763 (26.5) | 972 (33.8) | 600 (20.8) | 749 (26.0) |
| Male | 2848 (49.7) | 152 (5.3) | 405 (14.2) | 862 (30.3) | 545 (19.1) | 567 (19.9) |
| Age | ||||||
| 12 years | 876 (15.3) | 28 (3.2) | 133 (15.2) | 217 (24.8) | 91 (10.4) | 119 (13.6) |
| 13 years | 919 (16.0) | 59 (6.4) | 191 (20.8) | 297 (32.3) | 170 (18.5) | 200 (21.8) |
| 14 years | 842 (14.7) | 56 (6.7) | 180 (21.4) | 239 (28.4) | 156 (18.5) | 165 (19.6) |
| 15 years | 803 (14.0) | 56 (7.0) | 174 (21.7) | 234 (29.1) | 170 (21.2) | 185 (23.0) |
| 16 years | 892 (15.6) | 63 (7.1) | 178 (20.0) | 302 (33.9) | 187 (21.0) | 234 (26.2) |
| 17 years | 996 (17.4) | 62 (6.2) | 226 (22.7) | 382 (38.4) | 267 (26.8) | 295 (29.6) |
| 18 years | 398 (7.0) | 25 (6.3) | 86 (21.6) | 163 (41.0) | 104 (26.1) | 118 (29.6) |
| Self-perceived family status | ||||||
| Bad | 800 (14.0) | 57 (7.1) | 183 (22.9) | 304 (38.0) | 187 (23.4) | 227 (28.4) |
| General | 4377 (76.4) | 256 (5.8) | 877 (20.0) | 1370 (31.3) | 846 (19.3) | 967 (22.1) |
| Good | 549 (9.6) | 36 (6.6) | 108 (19.7) | 160 (29.1) | 112 (20.4) | 122 (22.2) |
| Relationship with mother | ||||||
| Good | 4373 (76.4) | 227 (5.2) | 843 (19.3) | 1358 (31.1) | 795 (18.2) | 927 (21.2) |
| Poor | 1353 (23.6) | 122 (9.0) | 325 (24.0) | 476 (35.2) | 350 (25.9) | 389 (28.8) |
| Relationship with father | ||||||
| Good | 3815 (66.6) | 191 (5.0) | 700 (18.3) | 1135 (29.8) | 666 (17.5) | 779 (20.4) |
| Poor | 1911 (33.4) | 158 (8.3) | 468 (24.5) | 699 (36.6) | 479 (25.1) | 537 (28.1) |
| Only child | ||||||
| Yes | 2469 (43.1) | 113 (4.6) | 399 (16.2) | 711 (28.8) | 435 (17.6) | 481 (19.5) |
| No | 3257 (56.9) | 236 (7.2) | 769 (23.6) | 1123 (34.5) | 710 (21.8) | 835 (25.6) |
| Family structure | ||||||
| Nuclear family | 3792 (66.2) | 225 (5.9) | 765 (20.2) | 1190 (31.4) | 761 (20.1) | 867 (22.9) |
| Lager family | 1353 (23.6) | 91 (6.7) | 276 (20.4) | 447 (33.0) | 256 (18.9) | 310 (22.9) |
| Single-parent family | 469 (8.2) | 26 (5.5) | 99 (21.1) | 152 (32.4) | 99 (21.1) | 112 (23.9) |
| Other | 112 (2.0) | 7 (6.3) | 28 (25.0) | 45 (40.2) | 29 (25.9) | 27 (24.1) |
| Childhood physical peer victimization | ||||||
| Yes | 4494 (78.5) | 213 (4.7) | 778 (17.3) | 1264 (28.1) | 761 (16.9) | 879 (19.6) |
| No | 1232 (21.5) | 136 (11.0) | 390 (31.7) | 570 (46.3) | 384 (31.2) | 437 (35.5) |
| Childhood verbal peer victimization | ||||||
| Yes | 3325 (58.1) | 152 (4.6) | 525 (15.8) | 832 (25.0) | 522 (15.7) | 552 (16.6) |
| No | 2401 (41.9) | 197 (8.2) | 643 (26.8) | 1002 (41.7) | 623 (25.9) | 764 (31.8) |
| Childhood relational peer victimization | ||||||
| Yes | 4143 (72.4) | 175 (4.2) | 615 (14.8) | 1039 (25.1) | 578 (14.0) | 674 (16.3) |
| No | 1583 (27.6) | 174 (11.0) | 553 (34.9) | 795 (50.2) | 567 (35.8) | 642 (40.6) |
| Physical abuse | ||||||
| Yes | 425 (7.4) | 71 (16.7) | 155 (36.5) | 236 (55.5) | 171 (40.2) | 205 (48.2) |
| No | 5301 (92.6) | 278 (5.2) | 1013 (19.1) | 1598 (30.1) | 974 (18.4) | 1111 (21.0) |
| Emotional abuse | ||||||
| Yes | 632 (11.0) | 112 (17.7) | 263 (41.6) | 356 (56.3) | 257 (40.7) | 308 (48.7) |
| No | 5094 (89.0) | 237 (4.7) | 905 (17.8) | 1478 (29.0) | 888 (17.4) | 1008 (19.8) |
| Sexual abuse | ||||||
| Yes | 499 (8.7) | 88 (17.6) | 206 (41.3) | 268 (53.7) | 210 (42.1) | 220 (44.1) |
| No | 5227 (91.3) | 261 (5.0) | 962 (18.4) | 1566 (30.0) | 935 (17.9) | 1096 (21.0) |
| Physical neglect | ||||||
| Yes | 379 (6.6) | 77 (20.3) | 166 (43.8) | 229 (60.4) | 179 (47.2) | 198 (52.2) |
| No | 5347 (93.4) | 272 (5.1) | 1002 (18.7) | 1605 (30.0) | 966 (18.1) | 1118 (20.9) |
| Emotional neglect | ||||||
| Yes | 228 (4.0) | 63 (27.6) | 111 (48.7) | 144 (63.2) | 116 (50.9) | 124 (54.4) |
| No | 5498 (96.0) | 286 (5.2) | 1057 (19.2) | 1690 (30.7) | 1029 (18.7) | 1192 (21.7) |
| Family life stress event scores | ||||||
| 0 | 2049 (35.8) | 95 (4.6) | 239 (11.7) | 417 (20.4) | 258 (12.6) | 255 (12.4) |
| 1–2 | 2337 (40.8) | 144 (6.2) | 514 (22.0) | 805 (34.4) | 484 (20.7) | 588 (25.2) |
| 3–10 | 1340 (23.4) | 110 (8.2) | 415 (31.0) | 612 (45.7) | 403 (30.1) | 473 (35.3) |
| Depression | ||||||
| Yes | 3711 (64.8) | 301 (8.1) | 891 (24.0) | 1341 (36.1) | 896 (24.1) | 1023 (27.6) |
| No | 2015 (35.2) | 48 (2.4) | 277 (13.7) | 493 (24.5) | 249 (12.4) | 293 (14.5) |