Table 2.
Participant characteristics stratified by frequency of milk consumption
| Non- consumer | Exclusive low-fat milk consumer | Exclusive normal/high-fat milk consumer | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 27) | (N = 18) | (N = 29) | |
| Age, y | 48.6 (5.7) | 51.0 (5.1) | 50.0 (4.8) |
| Menopausal status, % | |||
| Premenopausal | 44.4 | 38.9 | 51.7 |
| Perimenopausal | 22.2 | 11.1 | 13.8 |
| Postmenopausal | 33.3 | 38.9 | 24.1 |
| Surgically induced menopause | 0.0 | 11.1 | 10.3 |
| Lifestyle factors, % | |||
| Working | 96.3 | 88.9 | 89.7 |
| Exercising regularly | 33.3 | 55.6 | 41.4 |
| Smoking | 11.1 | 0.0 | 13.8 |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| (Daily | 22.2 | 11.1 | 13.8 |
| On occasion | 51.9 | 66.7 | 55.2 |
| Never) | 25.9 | 22.2 | 31.0 |
| Body composition | |||
| Weight, kg | 53.2 (7.0) | 51.7 (7.5) | 54.1 (6.8) |
| Body mass index, kg/cm2 | 21.9 (2.7) | 21.5 (3.3) | 21.8 (2.5) |
| Lean body mass, kg | 37.9 (2.2) | 37.6 (2.9) | 39.4 (2.7)ab |
| Body water, kg | 27.3 (1.9) | 27.8 (3.8) | 28.6 (2.2)a |
| Body water percentage, % | 51.8 (4.2) | 52.7 (4.6) | 53.3 (3.8) |
| Estimated bone mass, kg | 2.17 (0.20) | 2.14 (0.25) | 2.29 (0.23)ab |
| Visceral fat level | 4.59 (2.22) | 4.38 (2.04) | 4.44 (2.57) |
| Basal metabolic rate, kcal/day | 1100 (84) | 1084 (94) | 1136 (91) |
| Muscle mass, kg | 35.8 (2.0) | 35.5 (2.7) | 37.2 (2.5)ab |
| Fat mass, kg | 15.3 (5.4) | 14.3 (5.7) | 14.6 (5.1) |
| Body fat percentage, % | 28.0 (6.5) | 26.6 (7.8) | 26.4 (6.3) |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated
aP < 0.05 for unpaired t test compared with non-consumers
bP < 0.05 for unpaired t test compared with exclusive low-fat milk consumers