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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mater Today (Kidlington). 2017 Jul 8;20(10):577–591. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2017.06.005

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A) A single strand transformed into the letters “MIT”. (B) A plane folded automatically into a closed-surface cube. (C) The structure design of the folding primitive and red part is a water-expanding material. (D) A linear stretching primitive. (E) A ring stretching primitive. (F) An example embedding dynamic primitives of stretching and folding on a grid, which accommodates a self-evolving deformation into a complex double curvature surface. (G) (i) The performance of the responsive 3D printed aperture (left) as compared to the veneer-composite system aperture (right) adapting to relative humidity changes: open at low relative humidity (low) and closed at high relative humidity (up); (ii) Three 1-mm-thick test samples (left) programmed to respond with different curvature ranges due to an increase/decrease in relative humidity level (right). Adapted with permission from [30–32].