Table 4. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA results for abundance (N), richness (S), Shannon’s diversity index (H’), Simpson’s diversity index (D) and Pielou’s evenness index (J) of non-target arthropods collected by pitfall traps in non-Bt (with and without insecticides) and Bt (DAS-81419-2) soybean fields at three sites over two to three years in Brazil.

Site	Year	Diversity indices	Soybean treatments			Two-way ANOVA
			Non-sprayed non-Bt	Sprayed non-Bt	DAS-81419-2	Soybean treat. (A)		Sampling time (B)		Interaction (A x B)
						F	P	F	P	F	P
Castro	2012	N	74.75 ± 15.05	64.83 ± 10.59	61.17 ± 9.91	0.23	0.809	87.09	< 0.001	0.88	0.537
		S	11.33 ± 1.14	12.67 ± 0.92	14.00 ± 1.50	4.41	0.097	5.57	0.036	0.37	0.884
		H’	1.63 ± 0.10 b	1.90 ± 0.07 a	2.00 ± 0.09 a	34.27	0.003	3.42	0.093	2.23	0.112
		D	0.71 ± 0.03 b	0.77 ± 0.02 a	0.80 ± 0.02 a	18.70	0.009	8.18	0.015	4.89	0.009
		J	0.52 ± 0.06	0.55 ± 0.02	0.57 ± 0.03	0.71	0.544	15.23	0.003	3.39	0.034
	2013	N	63.47 ± 16.17	49.27 ± 12.77	51.80 ± 9.88	0.54	0.616	18.69	< 0.001	0.33	0.945
		S	13.93 ± 1.42	12.93 ± 1.07	12.13 ± 1.09	1.03	0.440	4.12	0.042	0.37	0.924
		H’	1.91 ± 0.12	2.05 ± 0.12	1.80 ± 0.08	1.39	0.346	2.73	0.106	1.38	0.276
		D	0.75 ± 0.04	0.81 ± 0.03	0.74 ± 0.03	0.60	0.594	3.53	0.061	1.37	0.282
		J	0.59 ± 0.06	0.69 ± 0.06	0.59 ± 0.06	0.76	0.525	13.82	0.001	0.79	0.616
Montividiu	2011	N	33.08 ± 4.57	25.92 ± 5.96	21.25 ± 4.61	3.13	0.152	4.14	0.066	0.74	0.627
		S	9.92 ± 0.76	10.17 ± 0.98	7.83 ± 1.21	4.27	0.102	3.57	0.086	0.73	0.637
		H’	1.83 ± 0.09	1.97 ± 0.12	1.69 ± 0.16	3.61	0.127	1.38	0.337	1.88	0.166
		D	0.77 ± 0.03	0.81 ± 0.03	0.75 ± 0.05	2.31	0.215	0.99	0.459	2.60	0.075
		J	0.66 ± 0.05 b	0.76 ± 0.06 a	0.78 ± 0.04 a	17.61	0.010	4.15	0.065	1.96	0.151
	2012	N	107.83 ± 45.82 a	84.58 ± 18.29 ab	41.58 ± 7.85 b	8.91	0.034	12.34	0.006	0.36	0.891
		S	17.25 ± 1.39 a	16.50 ± 1.54 a	11.75 ± 1.17 b	17.55	0.010	22.43	0.001	0.75	0.621
		H’	2.21 ± 0.15	2.11 ± 0.09	1.93 ± 0.13	2.08	0.241	8.59	0.014	1.11	0.412
		D	0.82 ± 0.03	0.81 ± 0.02	0.79 ± 0.02	0.36	0.719	4.54	0.055	0.74	0.625
		J	0.58 ± 0.16	0.54 ± 0.06	0.63 ± 0.05	1.18	0.395	11.02	0.007	0.10	0.995
	2013	N	17.20 ± 3.96	18.33 ± 4.51	15.20 ± 4.20	0.57	0.603	8.11	0.006	0.53	0.813
		S	7.87 ± 1.06	7.67 ± 0.89	7.27 ± 0.85	0.22	0.812	3.38	0.067	0.47	0.863
		H’	1.71 ± 0.15	1.71 ± 0.13	1.67 ± 0.10	0.14	0.871	4.35	0.037	0.451	0.873
		D	0.75 ± 0.04	0.76 ± 0.03	0.75 ± 0.03	0.21	0.818	5.83	0.017	0.45	0.872
		J	0.80 ± 0.07	0.79 ± 0.05	0.80 ± 0.06	0.04	0.965	9.55	0.004	0.36	0.927
Uberlândia	2011	N	87.25 ± 11.06	112.33 ± 28.21	113.50 ± 18.97	0.69	0.551	15.17	0.003	1.02	0.458
		S	17.25 ± 1.14	18.75 ± 1.40	19.83 ± 1.51	4.30	0.101	1.86	0.238	6.74	0.003
		H’	2.18 ± 0.09	2.24 ± 0.05	2.17 ± 0.13	0.37	0.712	0.03	0.994	2.47	0.086
		D	0.82 ± 0.02	0.84 ± 0.01	0.80 ± 0.03	1.44	0.339	0.03	0.993	0.96	0.492
		J	0.53 ± 0.03	0.53 ± 0.04	0.48 ± 0.05	0.72	0.543	2.35	0.172	0.691	0.662
	2012	N	475.75 ± 79.51	436.50 ± 73.25	475.00 ± 125.25	0.48	0.650	67.13	< 0.001	1.76	0.191
		S	21.58 ± 1.36	23.67 ± 1.78	23.58 ± 2.06	1.51	0.325	1.59	0.286	1.68	0.208
		H’	1.44 ± 0.16 b	1.86 ± 0.12 a	1.60 ± 0.15 ab	12.79	0.018	27.48	< 0.001	2.43	0.090
		D	0.57 ± 0.06 b	0.71 ± 0.04 a	0.61 ± 0.06 ab	8.24	0.038	34.97	< 0.001	2.84	0.059
		J	0.22 ± 0.03	0.30 ± 0.03	0.25 ± 0.04	3.88	0.116	16.14	0.003	1.62	0.225

P-values highlighted in bold are statistically significant (α = 0.05).

Degrees of freedom: soybean treatments = 2; sampling time = 3 (2011 and 2012) and 4 (2013); interaction = 6 (2011 and 2012) and 8 (2013); residual = 12 (2011 and 2012) and 16 (2013).

Means (± SE) followed by different letters were significantly different within rows (Tukey’s test, α = 0.05).

Abundance was log(x + 1) transformed prior to analysis. Non-transformed means are presented.