Table S1.
Age-adjusted incidence rate ratios (95% CIs) for AKI during risk periods compared with baseline time in the main analysis and additional sensitivity analyses
| Risk period | Urinary tract infection | Lower respiratory tract infection | Gastroenteritis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main analysis: AKI defined using N17 and N19 codes in any diagnostic position in any episode starting within 7 days of hospital admission; 60-day follow-up definitiona | n=2,012 | n=2,831 | n=651 | |
| Baseline period | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Days after infection: | ||||
| 1–7 | 9.31 (7.76, 11.17) | 6.03 (5.01, 7.25) | 43.43 (34.00, 55.48) | |
| 8–14 | 4.09 (3.19, 5.23) | 3.07 (2.42, 3.89) | 7.37 (4.50, 12.05) | |
| 15–28 | 2.72 (2.18, 3.40) | 1.90 (1.52, 2.36) | 4.50 (2.85, 7.10) | |
| ICD-10 N17 AKI: AKI defined using N17 codes only in any diagnostic position in any episode starting within 7 days of hospital admission; 60-day follow-up definitiona | n=1,583 | n=2,154 | n=531 | |
| Baseline period | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Days after infection: | ||||
| 1–7 | 10.72 (8.79, 13.09) | 6.84 (5.56, 8.41) | 47.58 (36.32, 62.34) | |
| 8–14 | 4.85 (3.72, 6.33) | 3.32 (2.53, 4.36) | 8.65 (5.11, 14.64) | |
| 15–28 | 3.07 (2.40, 3.92) | 2.05 (1.60, 2.64) | 4.79 (2.87, 7.97) | |
| Top diagnostic position: AKI defined using N17 and N19 codes recorded in the top two diagnostic positions in any episode starting within 7 days of hospital admission; 60-day follow-up definitiona | n=891 | n=1,086 | n=288 | |
| Baseline period | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Days after infection: | ||||
| 1–7 | 10.42 (8.02, 13.53) | 5.98 (4.42, 8.08) | 62.81 (44.01, 89.65) | |
| 8–14 | 4.18 (2.89, 6.04) | 3.18 (2.18, 4.65) | 11.14 (5.62, 22.07) | |
| 15–28 | 2.95 (2.14, 4.07) | 2.15 (1.53, 3.01) | 7.75 (4.25, 14.13) | |
| 30-day follow-up: follow-up ends at the earliest of death, the end of registration, last collection date from GP, or 30 days after end of first break in the treatment of ≥30 days (main analysis uses 60 days) | n=1,095 | n=1,466 | n=318 | |
| Baseline period | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Days after infection: | ||||
| 1–7 | 8.26 (6.53, 10.45) | 7.28 (5.82, 9.12) | 53.12 (38.31, 73.65) | |
| 8–14 | 3.59 (2.61, 4.94) | 3.05 (2.23, 4.18) | 12.49 (7.26, 21.48) | |
| 15–28 | 2.43 (1.82, 3.22) | 2.17 (1.65, 2.86) | 6.03 (3.45, 10.53) | |
| 90-day follow-up: follow-up ends at the earliest of death, the end of registration, last collection date from GP, or 90 days after end of first break in the treatment of ≥90 days (main analysis uses 60 days) | n=2,444 | n=3,468 | n=805 | |
| Baseline period | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Days after infection: | ||||
| 1–7 | 9.04 (7.62, 10.72) | 5.78 (4.85, 6.87) | 43.08 (34.36, 54.00) | |
| 8–14 | 4.09 (3.26, 5.14) | 2.95 (2.36, 3.68) | 8.70 (5.69, 13.29) | |
| 15–28 | 2.66 (2.16, 3.26) | 1.86 (1.52, 2.28) | 4.48 (2.93, 6.84) | |
| Calendar period: Adjusted for calendar period in addition to age;b main AKI definition; 60-day follow-up definitiona | n=2,012 | n=2,831 | n=651 | |
| Baseline period | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Days after infection: | ||||
| 1–7 | 8.46 (7.05, 10.15) | 5.59 (4.64, 6.73) | 41.72 (32.52, 53.52) | |
| 8–14 | 3.71 (2.90, 4.75) | 2.83 (2.23, 3.59) | 7.06 (4.30, 11.58) | |
| 15–28 | 2.47 (1.98, 3.08) | 1.73 (1.38, 2.15) | 4.27 (2.70, 6.76) | |
| Excluding early deaths: excludes all those who died within 60 days of AKI event; main AKI definition; 60-day follow-up definitiona | n=1,542 | n=1,965 | n=516 | |
| Baseline period | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Days after infection: | ||||
| 1–7 | 9.05 (7.31, 11.21) | 5.25 (4.15, 6.64) | 50.14 (38.36, 65.52) | |
| 8–14 | 4.12 (3.09, 5.48) | 2.50 (1.83, 3.41) | 8.21 (4.77, 14.12) | |
| 15–28 | 2.50 (1.92, 3.26) | 1.38 (1.02, 1.87) | 4.50 (2.66, 7.61) | |
Notes:
a
Follow-up ends at the earliest of death, the end of registration, last collection date from GP, or 30/60/90 days after the end of first break in the treatment of 30/60/90 days or more. IRR denotes age-adjusted incidence ratio; age-adjusted in the following age bands: 18–44, 45–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75–84, 85–89, and 90+ years.
b
Adjusted for calendar time using the following periods: 1997–2000, 2001–2004, 2005–2008, 2009–2011, and 2012–2014.
Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; GP, general practitioner; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases Version 10; IRR, incidence rate ratio.