Table S3.
Age-adjusted incidence rate ratios (95% CI) for AKI in risk periods after acute infections, stratified by ACEI/ARB and non-ACEI/ARB exposure – with main analysis study population and alternative study populations (based on alternative ACEI/ARB/non-ACEI/ARB exposure definitions)
| Main analysis study population (ACEI/ARB and BB/CCB/thiazide users)a
|
Alternative study population 1 (CCB and ACEI/ARB users)b
|
Alternative study population 2 (CCB and ACEI/ARB users)c
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-ACEI/ARB | ACEI/ARB | CCB | ACEI/ARB | CCB | ACEI/ARB | |
| Urinary tract infection | (n=2,012, p=0.021) | (n=1,730, p=0.276) | (n=1,023, p=0.558) | |||
| Baseline period | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Days after infection: | ||||||
| 1–7 | 7.37 (5.06, 10.72) | 10.04 (8.16, 12.37) | 6.88 (3.81 to 12.42) | 9.85 (7.98 to 12.15) | 6.92 (3.84 to 12.49) | 8.92 (6.73 to 11.83) |
| 8–14 | 2.59 (1.47, 4.55) | 4.68 (3.56, 6.17) | 2.30 (0.93 to 5.69) | 4.68 (3.56 to 6.16) | 2.31 (0.93 to 5.72) | 4.52 (3.15 to 6.47) |
| 15–28 | 2.10 (1.32, 3.33) | 2.96 (2.30, 3.81) | 1.64 (0.75 to 3.57) | 2.96 (2.30 to 3.81) | 1.65 (0.76 to 3.58) | 2.44 (1.71 to 3.48) |
|
| ||||||
| Lower respiratory tract infection | (n=2,831, p=0.784) | (n=2,515, p=0.636) | (n=1,464, p=0.480) | |||
| Baseline period | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Days after infection: | ||||||
| 1–7 | 6.33 (4.30, 9.33) | 5.95 (4.82, 7.34) | 8.19 (4.73 to 14.20) | 5.94 (4.81 to 7.33) | 8.22 (4.74 to 14.24) | 6.36 (4.88 to 8.29) |
| 8–14 | 3.60 (2.24, 5.79) | 2.92 (2.22, 3.85) | 4.32 (2.17 to 8.60) | 2.92 (2.21 to 3.84) | 4.33 (2.17 to 8.62) | 2.67 (1.85 to 3.87) |
| 15–28 | 1.73 (1.05, 2.85) | 1.94 (1.52, 2.49) | 1.96 (0.95 to 4.06) | 1.97 (1.54 to 2.51) | 1.97 (0.95 to 4.07) | 2.02 (1.48 to 2.77) |
|
| ||||||
| Gastroenteritis | (n=651, p=0.879) | (n=573, p=0.434) | (n=295, p=0.727) | |||
| Baseline period | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Days after infection: | ||||||
| 1–7 | 35.43 (19.21, 65.33) | 45.22 (34.62, 59.07) | 64.02 (21.56 to 190.08) | 45.13 (34.55 to 58.96) | 63.50 (21.59 to 186.79) | 46.46 (32.26 to 66.91) |
| 8–14 | 4.39 (1.06, 18.21) | 8.07 (4.77, 13.64) | 10.97 (1.39 to 86.40) | 8.05 (4.76 to 13.61) | 10.89 (1.39 to 85.28) | 8.25 (4.02 to 16.94) |
| 15–28 | 4.80 (1.72, 13.40) | 4.43 (2.66, 7.37) | 11.69 (2.55 to 53.53) | 4.41 (2.65 to 7.35) | 11.60 (2.55 to 52.74) | 6.89 (3.87 to 12.26) |
Notes: The numbers of participants exposed to each type of infection are shown in parentheses for each exposure. These include a small number who had a recorded AKI event on the day of infection exposure that was not included in the analysis, because the events may have been recorded retrospectively. Incidence during the baseline period served as the reference category.
Main analysis study population: individuals were classified as ACEI/ARB users from their first ACEI/ARB prescription until their first break in continuous therapy of >60 days, regardless of concomitant β-blocker, CCB, or thiazide diuretic prescriptions. Individuals were identified as users of other antihypertensives (β-blockers, CCBs, or thiazide diuretics) from their first non-ACEI/ARB antihypertensive prescription until either their first ACEI/ARB prescription (at which point they were classified as ACEI/ARB users) or their first break in continuous antihypertensive therapy of >60 days. If a non-ACEI/ARB user did not have an AKI event during their first course of antihypertensive therapy with a specific drug class, they were considered for inclusion in the study in subsequent first courses of therapy with alternative drug classes.
Alternative study population 1 (CCB and ACEI/ARB users): individuals were classified as ACEI/ARB users from their first ACEI/ARB prescription until their first break in continuous therapy of >60 days, regardless of concomitant CCB prescriptions. Individuals were identified as CCB users from their first CCB prescription until either their first ACEI/ARB prescription (at which point they were classified as ACEI/ARB users) or their first break in continuous CCB therapy of >60 days.
Alternative study population 2 (CCB and ACEI/ARB users): individuals were classified as ACEI/ARB or CCB users based on the first drug prescribed (those whose first prescription was for both drugs were excluded from this analysis) and were censored at any change in study drug prescribing (ie, change from one class of study drug to the other or addition of the other study drug). All p-values are for interaction terms (from likelihood ratio tests comparing main analysis with analysis including interaction with ACEI/ARB or CCB/non-ACEI/ARB use).
Abbreviations: ACEI/ARB, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; AKI, acute kidney injury; BB, β-blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker.