Figure 1. Niclosamide effectively and selectively inhibits viability of AML cells.

A. Chemical structure of XX-650-23 and niclosamide. B. AML cells are sensitive to niclosamide. Human AML cell lines and primary AML cells were plated at 2×10⁴ cells/well in 96-well plates, and cultured with niclosamide or vehicle for 3d or 4d, respectively. Cell Titer Glo assay was performed to assess viability of cells. The graphs show representative dose response curves. The IC₅₀s are described below the graph (HL60: n = 54, KG1: n = 34, MOLM13: n = 3, MV411: n = 3, U937: n = 10, 186: n = 3). C. Effect of niclosamide on normal BM colony forming activity. Normal human bone marrow cells from healthy donors were seeded (3×10⁴ cells/plate) in methylcellulose media with niclosamide, and cultured for 2 weeks. Colonies were scored based on morphology. Data are graphed as mean ± standard error measurement (SEM) (n = 3).