HK-2 cells were transiently transfected with the negative control siRNA, BECN1 siRNA, and then incubated with CaOx crystals (4 mM) for 24 h. (A) Representative immunoblot and quantification analysis of LC3-II and BECN1. (B) Apoptosis was assessed by DAPI staining. White arrows indicated apoptosis of HK-2 cells; scale bar: 50 μm. (C) Quantitative analysis of CaOx crystal-induced apoptosis. (D) Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. (E) The levels of LDH in culture supernatant were determined using a LDH assay. Data are presented as the mean ± SD from three experiments. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus the control siRNA group, #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 and ###P < 0.001 versus the CaOx (4 mM)+control siRNA group.