Fig. 1.

Cultured human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes as an experimental model to study propofol cytotoxicity. a Immunostaining of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Confocal microscopy showing human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes stained positive for cardiac troponin T (green) 8 days after seeding. Nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, blue). Scale bar, 50 μm. b Propofol-induced reduction in ATP levels in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Treatment with ≥ 10 µg/ml propofol for 48 h significantly reduced intracellular ATP. Data are presented as triangular dots; n = 4 in each experimental condition. *P < 0.05, compared with control conditions (0 µg/ml propofol in triglyceride emulsion). RLU relative luminescence units