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. 2017 Dec 29;32(1):120–131. doi: 10.1007/s00540-017-2441-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 6 — Model of propofol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and protective effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by propofol-induced downregulation of PGC-1-alpha and its downstream target genes associated with mitochondrial energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes. As an additional mechanism, propofol can take over the role of CoQ10 and inhibit oxidative phosphorylation directly in mitochondria. Co-treatment with CoQ10 can contribute to the maintenance of mitochondrial function through recovery of gene expression