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. 2018 Feb 2;8:2265. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20527-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Caspase inhibition prevents PARP cleavage and generation of large DNA fragments but does not affect excision repair activity. (A) Effects of caspase inhibition on the generation of large DNA fragments and excised oligomers released from genomic DNA following UV irradiation. HeLa cells were pre-incubated with DMSO or the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (20 μM) for 1 h and then exposed to 20 J/m² of UVC. The UV-irradiated cells were further incubated, harvested at the indicated time points, and analyzed for generation of large DNAs and excised oligonucleotides released from genomic DNA. Levels of cleaved PARP (B), generation of large DNAs (C) and excised oligos (D) were quantified and are presented as the mean values ± standard deviation. (E) Dose-dependent inhibition of caspase. DMSO or Z-VAD FMK (20 μM)-treated HeLa cells were exposed to 20 J/m² of UVC, harvested 8 h later and analyzed for the generation of large DNAs, excised oligomers. The image was cropped in order to place a non-irradiated negative control adjacent to the UV-treated samples. (F) Levels of cleaved PARP, generation of large DNAs and excised oligos in (E) were quantified and are presented as the mean values ± standard deviation.