Table 5.
Studies investigating the cardiovascular diseases risk in primary Sjögren’s syndrome.
| Study | Region | Study design and setting | Study period; mean follow-up years(years) | Participants (n) | Diagnostic criteria | Mean age(years) | Sex, n | Cardiovascular diseases | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perez-De-Lis, M. et al.14 | Spain | case-control; single-centre | 1984–2009; NA | pSS(312); HC(312) | 2002 AECG criteria | NA | NA | ischemic heart disease; stroke | The prevalence of cardiovascular disease was similar in pSS patients and controls. |
| Zoller, B. et al.24 | Sweden | retrospective cohort; population-based | 1987–2008; NA | SS(1300); controls(NA) | ICD | NA | M 125; F 1175 | ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke | Hospitalization for SS is associated with increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke. |
| Zoller, B. et al.9 | Sweden | retrospective cohort; population-based | 1964–2008; NA | SS(1,420); total population of Sweden controls | ICD | NA | M 136; F 1284 | CHD | pSS are associated with increased risk of CHD after hospital admission. |
| Chiang, C.H. et al.19 | Taiwan | retrospective cohort; population-based; | 2002–2006; 3.7 ± 1.8 | pSS(5,205); general population controls(5,205) | ICD | 53.2 ± 14.1 | M 651; F 4554 | AMI | pSS is not associated with a higher risk of subsequent AMI. |
| Chiang, C. H. et al.23 | Taiwan | retrospective cohort; population-based; | 2002–2006; 3.7 ± 1.9 | pSS(4,276); general population controls(42,760) | ICD | 51.2 ± 13.7 | M 496; F 3750 | ischemic stroke | pSS is not associated with a higher risk of subsequent ischemic stroke. |
| Bartoloni, E. et al.12 | Italy | retrospective cohort; population-based | NA; 5 ± 6 | pSS(1,343); healthy women controls(4,774) | 1993 European Community Study Group diagnostic | 57 ± 14 | M 59; F 1284 | MI, cerebrovascular events and heart failure. | pSS is associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular events and MI. In the whole population, central nervous system involvement and use of immunosuppressive therapy were associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. |
AECG, American-European Consensus Group; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CHD, coronary heart disease; F, female; HC, healthy control; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; M, male; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not available; pSS, Primary Sjögren’s syndrome.