Table 5. Predictors of current use or future use of spices .
| Variable | OR (95% CI) Current Use | OR (95% CI) Future Use |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Female | 1.44 (1.26-2.80)* | 1.56 (1.17-2.25)* |
| Race | ||
| White | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Non-White | 1.17 (0.98-1.24) | 1.35 (0.81-1.71) |
| Age (y) | ||
| 18-24 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 25-54 | 1.80 (1.35-2.34)* | 1.32 (0.96-1.80) |
| ≥55 | 1.92 (1.47-2.45)* | 1.89 (1.36-2.16)* |
| Annual income ($) | ||
| ≤34 999 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 35 000-74 999 | 1.27 (0.98-1.44) | 1.02 (0.72-1.18) |
| ≥75 000 | 1.71 (1.10-2.25)* | 1.80 (0.93-2.01) |
| Employment Status | ||
| Full time | 1.22 (0.95-1.76) | 1.17 (0.90-1.71) |
| Part time | 1.13 (0.86-1.68) | 1.08 (0.81-1.62) |
| Unemployed | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Education | ||
| ≤High school graduate | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| <Bachelors | 1.10 (0.81-1.35) | 1.03 (0.72-1.21) |
| ≥Bachelors | 1.17 (0.89-1.40) | 1.11 (0.81-1.35) |
| ≥Graduate degree | 1.27 (1.10-1.49)* | 1.25 (1.06-1.44)* |
| Current health status | ||
| Good | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Excellent/ very good | 1.44 (0.90-1.99) | 1.53 (0.93-2.01) |
| ≥Fair/poor | 0.98 (0.81-1.17) | 2.01 (1.17-3.80)* |
| Satisfaction with current health status | ||
| Neutral | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Very dissatisfied/dissatisfied/ somewhat dissatisfied | 0.90 (0.72-1.08) | 3.00 (2.07-4.05)* |
| Very satisfied/satisfied/ somewhat satisfied | 1.37 (0.89-1.79) | 2.70 (1.80-3.33)* |
| Cooking at home | ||
| <1 time per week | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 1-3 times per week | 1.22 (0.98-1.53) | 1.17 (0.93-1.30) |
| ≥ 4 times per week | 1.89 (1.35-2.43)* | 1.70 (1.26-2.34)* |
| Eating out of home | ||
| < 1 time per week | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 1-3 times per week | 0.79 (0.57-0.88)* | 0.81 (0.63-1.26) |
| ≥ 4 times per week | 0.69 (0.54-0.76)* | 0.72 (0.54-0.93)* |
| Interest in learning about health benefits of spices | ||
| Neutral | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Very disinterested/disinterested | 0.63 (0.54-0.81)* | 0.72 (0.44-1.02) |
| Very interested/interested | 2.29 (1.89-2.87)* | 6.30 (4.14-8.01)* |
| Ever met with a registered dietitian (Yes vs. No) | 4.05 (2.90-6.03)* | 3.60 (2.01-4.05)* |
| Ever encouraged by a health professional to consume spices (Yes vs. No) | 5.31 (3.06-7.02)* | 3.96 (2.07-4.41)* |
N = 703, * indicates P < 0.05; Ref = indicates the reference or comparison group.
OR= Odds ratios indicating probability of an outcome (i.e. current use or future use); 95% CI = confidence intervals for odds; Current use = individuals who use any spice on daily basis; Future use = individuals willing to consume spices as CAM in the future.