Table 7.

Preteen Focus Group Themes For Game Development

Themes	Patterns within themes	Exemplar quotes
Knowledge and awareness	Info source provider Info source family Info source media Info source school Info source undefined	“I want to know about the symptoms and the signs of how you get—like the signs, or how do you know you got the virus, like headaches or anything like that, I'd want to know.” “My mom knows about it because she read the little paper.” “I was going to get it but the doctors said something about side effects.” “[My PE teacher] he says…when you're trying to avoid HPV, when someone has it, you try to avoid…contact, touching them or like either talking to them…and like some places that are like infected with diseases stay away from there…” “Viruses, they're a type of bacteria that gets inside your body from—through your nose, if you breathe it in, taste it, or it goes through your mouth, or it can enter either into your skin and…once it starts it spreads throughout your body and makes you sick…”
Attitudes and intentions	Favorable Nonfavorable Intentions to get vaccine	“Because I've heard on the news that vaccines and stuff like that, they cause retardation and stuff. It makes your brain stop functioning” “[My mom] will say something like if you get HPV and it's at the future, she will say something like we need to get the vaccine before you get that type of virus.” “I would get the vaccine so I can stay safe and healthy in the future.”
Health Belief Model	Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity Perceived benefits Perceived barriers Cues to action Self-efficacy	“If you don't have it, then you could get a certain virus. And if you do have it, you can't get those viruses.” “So that way when it breaks out you're already cleared, that you can go back to school, get your education…” “I would like to know more about it. Because if I don't know a lot about it then I won't get the shot. I'm not really comfortable around shots…” “I'm still scared of needles.” “I would create have you ever heard of HPV? And if they say yes or no I would say, well it's a very bad virus, it only happens when you have skin contact or sexual contact. And then if other person says, like really, or something like that, I would've said, yeah, man, it's a virus and it can do very bad things to you…” “HPV is like not good.” “Maybe it should have the information that would like—your parents should send you the information for the last time they got their vaccine shot, so that way you can predict around the time that you should get another one so you could send a text like, for example, that you have to get a vaccine shot in maybe like five days or something like that.” “I feel like the point of HPV [the vaccine] is that you can protect yourself…”
Self-determination	Transportation Autonomy Competence Intrinsic motivation Enjoyment Intentions for future play	“See, I'm into cars, so I'm a racing car game fan…I like the thrill, cause you know, when the cut scene comes on, you walk past the corner or somebody can be shooting at you, the vibration of the controller, the shot just feel your whole body…Like I actually felt it before, the shock of the controller just travels all through you, you just feel like jumping up…” “Those really pulled me in…it was like they were really magical…” “I like how you didn't tell us what to do but you made us figure it out” “It's like okay, play this game for homework and we're all just like oh yeah, I've already played it. I'm a pro.” “The thing that I saw is I didn't have to get all the items to finish and it said now you have a score. I was like oh I want to keep going.” “But then with the other one, the mystery one, I think that one was kind of easy to figure out oh, like find this, find this.” “I mean when I first heard about this game, my dad said, “hey do you want to do this game for this focus group?” I was like oh he's probably just tricking me and it's going to be one of those like question and answer quiz things but once I logged on and I saw just a fun page of it, I realized it was going to be nothing like that and it wasn't/It was a really fun, educational game.” “I'd play it every day if I had a choice…” “I want to be the first one to play it.” “But like it's like two games. It's the find one, the finding stuff and then like the shield game. I mean it showed you like facts about the virus… and then it was fun but then like with the garden and everything that was really fun. You can plant stuff. I liked how they incorporated the virus kind of too in some of the mini games like the one with the shield game, like the blue ones.”
Game elements/gamification		“…I mean you start out with the plants in the store but as you get like more and more points and plant more, you get like a bigger garden. You can upgrade your garden and get more, buy more plants with like points…buy more items for your garden, make other potions” “Honestly, it's kind of fun though…because the game is kind of set in a magical place because there's the creepy little wizard, gnome guy and gnomes just period…but like ones with eyes and a smile and sharp teeth and then like the music kind of goes with that…” “That's what kind of brings me some ideas about your game. What I think you should do is be like different types, like different types of different magic. I think there should be lots of magic with your game, like the opening cut scene…” “I'd play it with my parents, but most likely I wouldn't play it if one of my friends would come over…. Because they could make fun of me… Ha-ha; you're looking at and playing a game about health. Some people do that at school.”