Table 3.
Risks of solid cancers in epidemiological studies of nuclear workers
| Mean | Number of event cases | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Study | Cohort size | Exposure period | Follow-up period | cumulative dose (mSv) | Person years | Types of events | ERR (95% CI) | SMR or SIR (95% CI) | |
| 15-country | Cardis et al. (2007) [23] | 407,391 | 1943-2000 | 1943-2000 | 19.4 | 5,192,710 | Mortality | 5,024 4,820 |
0.97 b(0.27, 1.8)c 0.58 b (-0.1, 1.39) |
a1.03 (0.65, 1.53) |
| Korea | aAhn et al. (2008) [64] | 79,679 | 1984-2004 1984-2004 |
1992-2004 1989-2005 |
6.1 6.1 |
633,159 415,298 |
Mortality Morbidity |
256 564 |
7.2 b(-5, 21) 2.6 (-4, 10)b |
0.73 (0.64, 0.82) |
| Jeong et al. (2010) [65] | 8,429 | 1978-2005 | 1992-2005 | 19.86 | 63,503 | Incidence | 96 | 2.06 (-191, 9) | 1.06 (0.86, 1.29) | |
| U.K. | Muirhead et al. (2009) [63] | 174,541 | 1946-2001 | 1965-2001 | 24.9 | 3,900,000 | Mortality Incidence |
7,455 10,855 |
0.28 (-0.03, 0.62) 0.27 (0.00, 0.56) | 0.84 (0.82, 0.86) |
| U.S. | Howe et al. (2004) [66] | 53,698 | Mid-1960s | 1979-1997 | 25.7 | 698,051 | Mortality | 368 | 0.51 (-2.01, 4.64) | 0.65 (0.59, 0.72) |
| Canada | Zablotska et al. (2014) [67] | 45,316 | 1951-1994 | 1956-1994 | 21.64 | 613,648 | Mortality | 468 | 1.2 (-0.73, 4.33) |
0.72 (0.66, 0.78) |
| France | Flamant et al. (2013) [30] | 59,021 | 1950-2004 | 1968-2004 | 16.1 | 1,467,611 | Mortality | 2,312 | 0.34 b(-0.56, 1.38) |
- |
| Germany | Merzenich et al. (2014) [68] | 8,972 | 1966-2008 | 1991-2008 | 29.5 | 130,737 | Mortality | 119 | - | 0.63 (0.5, 0.8) |
| Japan | Akiba et al. (2012) [28] | 200,583 | 1977-2002 | 1991-2002 | 12.2 | 1,373,000 | Mortality | 2,636 | 1.26 (-0.27, 3) | - |
| Russia | Shilnikova et al. (2003) [25] | 21,557 | 1948-1997 | 1948-1997 | 810 mGy | 720,000 | Mortality | 1,730 | 0.15 b(0.09, 0.2) |
- |
| Hunter et al. (2013) [26] | 22,366 | 1948-2004 | 1948-2004 | 510 mGy | 535,932 | Incidence | 1,447 | 0.07 (0.01, 0.15) | - |
a all cancer; b 90% confidence interval; c 15-country excluding Canada; ERR, excess relative risk; SMR, standardized mortality ratio; SIR, standardized incidence ratio