Table 3.
Unadjusted logistic regression model of experienced violence types according to spousal age difference and background characteristics
| Background | IPV | Emotional | Physical | Sexual |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | uOR (95% C.I) | uOR (95% C.I) | uOR (95% C.I) | uOR (95% C.I) |
| Age Difference | ||||
| 0–4 | 1.60 (1.30–1.98)a | 1.46 (1.16–1.84)b | 2.07 (1.56–2.75)a | 1.08 (0.71–1.63) |
| 5–9 | 1.35 (1.10–1.64)b | 1.29 (1.03–1.60)c | 1.77 (1.34–2.32)a | 1.17 (0.79–1.72) |
| 10–14 | 1.23 (0.99–1.52) | 1.10 (0.86–1.39) | 1.51 (1.13–2.02)b | 1.11 (0.73–1.68) |
| 15+ | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Number of living children | ||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–2 | 2.09 (1.65–2.63)a | 1.98 (1.52–2.57)a | 2.23 (1.62–3.07)a | 1.23 (0.80–1.88) |
| 3–4 | 2.87 (2.28–3.65)a | 2.72 (2.09–3.53)a | 3.12 (2.27–4.29)a | 1.49 (0.97–2.27) |
| 5+ | 2.46 (1.92–3.14)a | 2.21 (1.67–2.90)a | 2.98 (2.14–4.14)a | 1.60 (1.02–2.49)c |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rural | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) | 0.94 (0.82–1.07) | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 1.87 (1.43–2.45)a |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hausa/Fulani | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Igbo | 3.02 (2.42–3.77)a | 3.03 (2.40–3.82)a | 3.94 (2.93–5.30)a | 1.59 (0.99–2.53) |
| Yoruba | 2.52 (2.07–3.07)a | 1.85 (1.48–2.31)a | 4.52 (3.50–5.85)a | 0.51 (0.28–0.93)c |
| Others | 3.92 (3.38–4.53)a | 3.26 (2.78–3.82)a | 5.58 (4.51–6.89)a | 2.90 (2.19–3.81)a |
| Religion | ||||
| Christian | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Muslims | 0.37 (0.32–0.41)a | 0.41 (0.36–0.47)a | 0.24 (0.20–0.28)a | 0.68 (0.54–0.86)b |
| Others | 0.79 (0.52–1.20) | 0.99 (0.64–1.53) | 0.90 (0.56–1.43) | 0.62 (0.22–1.69) |
| Household wealth | ||||
| Poor | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Middle | 1.33 (1.13–1.55)a | 1.21 (1.02–1.44)c | 1.43 (1.18–1.74)a | 1.01 (0.75–1.35) |
| Rich | 1.29 (1.13–1.46)a | 1.13 (0.98–1.29) | 1.38 (1.17–1.61)a | 0.57 (0.43–0.74)a |
| Education | ||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Primary | 2.52 (2.16–2.93)a | 2.13 (1.80–2.52)a | 3.69 (3.04–4.47)a | 1.74 (1.31–2.31)a |
| Secondary | 2.20 (1.91–2.53)a | 1.97 (1.69–2.29)a | 3.04 (2.53–3.64)a | 1.23 (0.93–1.62) |
| Higher | 1.23(0.96–1.55) | 1.19(0.91–1.54) | 1.11(0.79–1.57) | 0.74(0.43–1.26) |
| Marriage type | ||||
| Monogamy | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Polygamy | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) | 0.94 (0.79–1.102) | 0.91 (0.75–1.10) | 1.13 (0.85–1.49) |
| Marital Duration | ||||
| 0–4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 5–9 | 1.48 (1.25–1.74)a | 1.49 (1.24–1.79)a | 1.54 (1.25–1.90)a | 1.10 (0.78–1.53) |
| 10–14 | 1.51 (1.28–1.79)a | 1.44 (1.19–1.73)a | 1.55 (1.25–1.91)a | 1.29 (0.93–1.78) |
| 15+ | 1.33 (1.13–1.56)b | 1.24 (1.03–1.48)c | 1.54 (1.25–1.88)a | 1.22 (0.89–1.67) |
| Husband drinking alcohol | ||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 3.64 (3.19–4.15)a | 3.34 (2.90–3.83)a | 4.98 (4.28–5.78)a | 2.05 (1.60–2.62)a |
| Husband’s Education | ||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Primary | 2.47 (2.08–2.91)a | 2.15 (1.79–2.57)a | 3.54 (2.84–4.39)a | 1.57 (1.15–2.15)b |
| Secondary | 2.27 (1.95–2.63)a | 1.94 (1.65–2.29)a | 3.25 (2.65–3.97)a | 1.20 (0.89–1.60) |
| Higher | 1.56 (1.29–1.88)a | 1.50 (1.22–1.84)a | 1.82 (1.40–2.35)a | 1.09 (0.75–1.57) |
| Number of marital union | ||||
| 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2+ | 1.59 (1.31–1.94)a | 1.70 (1.37–2.09)a | 1.73 (1.38–2.17)a | 1.74 (1.22–2.46)b |
| Empowerment | ||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High | 1.48 (1.27–1.70)a | 1.39 (1.18–1.63)a | 1.50 (1.25–1.78)a | 0.88 (0.64–1.21) |
IPV Intimate partner violence, uOR Unadjusted odds ratio
aSignificant at 0.1%; bSignificant at 1.0%; cSignificant at 5.0%