Table 3.
Major inputs and parameters for modeling oil refinery processes
| Parameters | Value | References |
|---|---|---|
| Annual operating hours, h | 8000 | |
| Hydrotreating | ||
| LHSV, h−1 | 0.22 | [17] |
| Material and energy input | ||
| H2, g H2/g dry bio-oil | 0.033 | [44] |
| Electricity, MW | 1.12 | Scaled from [17] |
| Catalyst | ||
| Load, kg catalyst/tonne bio-oil | 0.41 | Calculated based on LHSV |
| Life, years | 1 | |
| Products distribution, wt% | [17] | |
| Deoxygenated oil | 75 | |
| Water | 18 | |
| Off-gases | 7 | |
| Off-gases composition, wt% | [17] | |
| H2 | 7.8 | |
| CH4 | 18.2 | |
| C2H6 | 15.1 | |
| C3H8 | 13.2 | |
| C4H10 | 4.9 | |
| C5H12 | 1.5 | |
| C6H14 | 39.3 | |
| Deoxygenated oil distillation streams, wt% | [23] | |
| Gasoline | 21 | |
| Jet | 25 | |
| Diesel | 35 | |
| Heavy oil | 19 | |
| Hydrogen plant | ||
| GHSV, h−1 | 4000 | [51] |
| Material and energy input | ||
| NG (feedstock), kg/m3 H2 produced | 0.24 | Scaled from [50] |
| Steam (feedstock), kg/m3 H2 produced | 0.76 | Scaled from [50] |
| NG (fuel), kg/m3 H2 produced | 0.03 | Scaled from [50] |
| Catalyst | ||
| Load, kg catalyst/tonne H2 produced | 0.12 | Calculated based on GHSV |
| Life, years | 3 | |
| Electricity, MW | 0.15 | Scaled from [50] |