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Pde4 inhibition prevents alcohol-induced increases in neuro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Mcp-1, Tnfα, Il-1β and Il-17 were measured in brain homogenates of wild type PF, AF, AF with rolipram treatment and Pde4b−/- mice. Obtained values were normalized by protein content. Data are presented as mean ± S.D (n = 5–7 in each group). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.01.
