Mouse body weight increases after high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet consumption. (a) During the diet period, mice consumed a normal diet (ND) or HFHS diet for two months. During the exercise period, the mice maintained their initial diet and remained sedentary (ND and HFHS Sed), underwent an 8-week exercise regimen (HFHS Ex) or switched diets while remaining sedentary (HFHS/ND). (b) Increased body weight due to consumption of a HFHS diet can be easily visualized. (c) Mouse body weight normalized to each mouse’s starting weight was significantly increased with HFHS diet and decreased after return to ND, * p < 0.05 (Student’s t-test), # p < 0.05 (ANOVA, all groups are significantly different from ND), ## p < 0.05 (ANOVA, HFHS Sed and HFHS Ex groups are significantly different from ND), n = 4 to 7 mice per diet/exercise group