Fig. 9.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) myocardial fibrosis assessment in primary degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR). A Late gadolinium enhanced CMR images (top) and native T1 maps (bottom) in patients with MR. The arrows indicate the presence of midwall replacement fibrosis in the inferolateral wall. The native T1 values were increased in corresponding areas (Hash 1045 ms and Asterisk 1102 ms). B Left ventricular fibrosis demonstrated on histology: replacement fibrosis can be well-delineated (upper plot) or patchy (lower plot). C Individual patient data presented in the scatter plot demonstrate a wide overlap of the extracellular volume (ECV) values in patients with MR and controls. However, the mean and the standard error of the mean (error bars) were significantly larger in patients with MR as compared to the controls.

Adapted with permission from Edwards et al. [68]