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. 2018 Jan 30;9:53. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00053

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Copyright © 2018 Kriebel, Hieke, Müller-Hilke, Nakata and Kreikemeyer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Brief overview of current concepts regarding onset of periodontitis and rheumatic arthritis, and deduced causal relationships between both diseases. After establishing a subgingival biofilm, oral pathobionts, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce periodontitis as a chronic disease, which is attributable to host-pathobiont interactions and deleterious host immune responses in periodontal tissues. Dysregulated citrullination caused by the pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis has been suspected to be a causative factor for onset of rheumatic arthritis. Parts of this figure were taken from freely available web resources: https://www.chirurgie-portal.de/innere-medizin/rheuma.html; www.rcsb.org/pdb/ngl/ngl.do?pdbid=5AK7 (Rosenstein and Hildebrand, 2015; Montgomery et al., 2016).