Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Healthy Immigrant Families Study Population of 151 Persons
| Characteristica | Adolescentsb (n=81) | Adults (n=70) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 13.5 (2.5) | 39.1 (10.9) |
| Female sex | 41 (51.6) | 50 (71.4) |
| Ethnicity/race | ||
| Hispanic | 37 | 43 |
| Somali | 40 | 24 |
| Sudanese | 4 | 3 |
| Born in United States | 36 (44.4) | 7 (10.0) |
| Time living in United States, mean (SD), y | 6.8 (4.5) | 13.8 (8.4) |
| English as the language at home | 39 (48.1) | 17 (24.3) |
| Limited English language proficiency | 10 (12.3) | 32 (45.7) |
| Marital status of married | NA | 50 (71.4) |
| Education status | NA | (n=65) |
| ≤8th grade | 31 (47.7) | |
| Some high school | 5 (7.7) | |
| High school graduation | 26 (40.0) | |
| College or graduate degree | 3 (4.6) | |
| Work status | NA | (n=68) |
| Full time | 23 (33.8) | |
| Part time | 8 (11.8) | |
| Unemployed | 37 (54.4) | |
| Mean annual family income | NA | (n=59) |
| $0–$9,999 | 21 (35.6) | |
| $10,000–$19,999 | 4 (6.8) | |
| $20,000–$29,999 | 10 (16.9) | |
| $30,000–$39,999 | 14 (23.7) | |
| $40,000 and higher | 10 (16.9) | |
| Health insurance | NA | (n=64) |
| None | 22 (34.4) | |
| Medicaid/Medicare | 27 (42.2) | |
| Private | 14 (21.9) | |
| Household size, mean (SD), No. of persons | NA | 5.6 (2.3) |
| Dietary quality | ||
| HEI score (range 0–100), mean (SD) | 51.9 (11.4) | 57.1 (13.5) |
| Vegetables, mean (SD) cup equivalents | 1.3 (0.9) | 1.7 (1.5) |
| Fruit, mean (SD), cup equivalents | 1.8 (1.5) | 1.4 (1.2) |
| Sugar, mean (SD), g | 139.8 (114.4) | 97.6 (55.0) |
| Physical activity | ||
| Moderate to vigorous, mean (SD), min/d | 64.7 (30.2) | 43.1 (35.4) |
| Sedentary, mean (SD), min/d | 795.3 (163.2) | 714.2 (181.4) |
| Biometric data | (n=65) | |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 23.8 (5.4) | 30.2 (6.8) |
| Normal weightc | 44 (54.3) | 13 (20.0) |
| Overweightd | 14 (17.3) | 21 (32.3) |
| Obesee | 23 (28.4) | 31 (47.7) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 111.1 (10.0) | 122.1 (14.7) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 65.4 (7.7) | 76.3 (9.0) |
| Waist circumference, mean (SD), cm | 80.9 (12.6) | 98 (13.3) |
| Abdominal obesityf | NA | 42 (60.0) |
| Quality of lifeg | ||
| Physical well-being | 3.5 (1.2) | 3 (1.0) |
| Mood | 3.5 (1.2) | 3.3 (1.2) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HEI, Healthy Eating Index; NA, not applicable.
a
Values are presented as number and percentage of persons unless specified otherwise.
b
Aged 10 to 18 years.
c
BMI <85.0 percentile for adolescents or <25 kg/m2 for adults.
d
BMI 85.0–94.9 percentile for adolescents or 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 for adults.
e
BMI ≥95.0 percentile for adolescents or ≥30.0 kg/m2 for adults.
f
Waist circumference >88.0 cm for women and >102.0 cm for men.
g
All domains reported as mean (SD) on 5-point Likert scale, with 1 being the lowest response option and 5 the highest.