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. 2018 Jan 30;9:29. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00029

FIGURE 8.

FIGURE 8

Proposed model for the dual roles of alanine in facilitating kanamycin to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Exogenous alanine facilitates kanamycin to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria through increased kanamycin uptake, and enhanced ROS production. Meanwhile, alanine decreased the transcription of oxyR, which plays essential role in positively regulating antioxidant enzymes. Thus, the enhanced ROS production was achieved through FADH2 oxidation and repression of antioxidant function genes via OxyR in an unidentified manner. Red represents increase and blue represents decrease.