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. 2018 Jan 31;9:85. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00085

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Copyright © 2018 Djokic, Akoolo and Parveen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparison of diagnostics by IFA, FISH and Microscopy for babesiosis with qPCR using molecular beacon probes for BmTPK in human blood samples. For all patients samples, qPCR was repeated three times and results of each repeat are marked by ‘+’ or ‘–’ sign. Thus, +/+/+ indicates that qPCR was positive in all three repeats of the qPCR for an individual sample. There is a high correlation between all three tests when samples were negative by qPCR. Higher sensitivity of detection of B. microti by qPCR is demonstrated by a significant number of positive samples that were diagnosed negative for babesiosis by Indirect IFA, FISH and microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears.