Table 1.
Nomenclature | 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) | Oxaliplatin | Camptothecin (CPT) | Trifluridine (FTD) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chemical structural formula | ||||
Compositional formula | C4H3FN2O2 = 130.08 | C8H14N2O4Pt = 397.29 | C20H16N2O4 = 348.36 | C10H11F3N2O5 = 296.20 |
Characteristics | Uracil analogue | DNA crosslinker | Topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor | Nucleoside analogue. A key component of trifluridine/tipiracil (TFTD/TAS‐102) |
RNA incorporation | Cell cycle arrest at G1 phase via p53‐dependent miR‐34a upregulation | Topo I‐cc (covalent complex) becomes obstacle of replication and triggers 1‐ended dsDNA breaks | DNA incorporation | |
dTTP starvation via thymidylate synthase inhibition by fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate | Irinotecan is an analogue of CPT | Cellular senescence‐like growth arrest dependent on p53 |