Inter-individual variation, rather than celecoxib administration, accounts for most microbiome diversity within a longitudinal human cohort. A) Average bacterial richness (as observed operational taxonomic units, OTUs) in subjects’ stools during run-in (before), after 10 days of celecoxib administration, and 7–14 days after completing drug administration (follow-up). B) Unweighted UniFrac PCoA comparing microbiome similarity between samples. Each sample is represented by a point, color-coded by subject. Note that samples predominantly cluster by subject, indicating no consistent effect of celecoxib treatment on bacterial composition.