Figure 7. . Canonical microcircuits for predictive coding. This proposal is based upon the anatomy of intrinsic and extrinsic connections described in Bastos et al. (2012). This figure provides the update dynamics for a hierarchical generalization of the generative model in Figure 6, where the outputs of a higher level now become the hidden causes of the level below. In this hierarchical setting, the prediction errors include prediction errors on both hidden causes and states. As with the model for discrete states, the prediction errors have been assigned to granular layers that receive sensory afferents and ascending prediction errors from lower levels in the hierarchy.
