Table 2.
Model-estimated parameters for the developed PK/PD model of clopidogrel and its active metabolite.
| Parameter | Unit | Estimation | SE (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| QH (Harrison and Gibaldi, 1977) | (L/h) | 50 | 0 (fixed) |
| VH (Harrison and Gibaldi, 1977) | (L) | 1.5 | 0 (fixed) |
| Fa (Sanofi-Aventis, 2011) | (%) | 50 | 0 (fixed) |
| fu,p_CLOP (Sanofi-Aventis, 2011) | (%) | 2 | 0 (fixed) |
| fu,p_AM (Sanofi-Aventis, 2011) | (%) | 6 | 0 (fixed) |
| τ | (1/h) | 11.0 | 6.6 |
| V3 | (L) | 82.2 | 17.3 |
| TVVmax-CYP | (μmol/h) | 680 | 13.3 |
| Km-CYP | (μM) | 0.154 | 34 |
| TV CLint, CES1_CLOP | (L/h) | 932,000 | 6.9 |
| CLint, CES1_AM | (L/h) | 93.1 | 12.1 |
| V5 (Frank and Gray, 1953) | (L) | 3 | 0 (fixed) |
| TVMPA0 | (%) | 75.8 | 2 |
| kin | (1/h) | 0.00724 | 7.8 |
| kout | (1/h) | 0.00724 | 7.8 |
| kirre | (1/μM/h) | 62.4 | 4.5 |
| θCYP2C19-PM on TVVmax-CYP | (%) | 60.5 | 38.2 |
| θCYP2C19-IM on TVVmax-CYP | (%) | 73.8 | 13.7 |
| θCES1-TC on TVCLint,CES1 | (%) | 82.9 | 55.9 |
| θBMI on TVVmax-CYP | – | 0.668 | 28 |
| θAGE on TVMPA0 | – | 0.117 | 34.5 |
| ωTVFa | (%) | 73.5 | 8.3 |
| ωTVVmax-CYP | (%) | 18.8 | 14.4 |
| ωTVMPA0 | (%) | 9.5 | 7.7 |