Table 2.
Association of celiac disease with C. difficile infection, stratified by gender, age, and year of study entry.
| Number of events | Adjusted* HR (95% CI)** | P-value | P- value for interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | ||||
| Controls | 136 | 1.0 | ||
| Celiac disease | 357 | 2.01 (1.64–2.47) | <0.0001 | |
| Gender | 0.16 | |||
| Male | ||||
| Controls | 128 | 1.0 | ||
| Celiac disease | 62 | 2.61 (1.91–3.59) | <0.0001 | |
| Female | ||||
| Controls | 229 | 1.0 | ||
| Celiac disease | 74 | 1.72 (1.32–2.25) | <0.0001 | |
| Age at Study Entry | 0.36 | |||
| 0–19 | ||||
| Controls | 19 | 1.0 | ||
| Celiac disease | 9 | 2.49 (1.12–5.57) | 0.0259 | |
| 20–39 | ||||
| Controls | 32 | 1.0 | ||
| Celiac disease | 16 | 2.71 (1.48–4.98) | 0.0013 | |
| 40–59 | ||||
| Controls | 92 | 1.0 | ||
| Celiac disease | 32 | 1.67 (1.11–2.50) | 0.0134 | |
| 60–79 | ||||
| Controls | 189 | 1.0 | ||
| Celiac disease | 69 | 2.03 (1.52–2.71) | <0.0001 | |
| ≥80 | ||||
| Controls | 25 | 1.0 | ||
| Celiac disease | 10 | 2.59 (1.18–5.68) | <0.0001 | |
| Calendar Year of Study Entry | 0.91 | |||
| 1989 and before | ||||
| Controls | 72 | 1.0 | ||
| Celiac disease | 24 | 1.82 (1.11–2.98) | 0.0172 | |
| 1990–1999 | ||||
| Controls | 180 | 1.0 | ||
| Celiac disease | 72 | 2.17 (1.63–2.88) | <0.0001 | |
| 2000 and after | ||||
| Controls | 105 | 1.0 | ||
| Celiac disease | 40 | 1.91 (1.33–2.74) | 0.0005 | |
*
Adjusted for education level.
**
HR: Hazards Ratio. CI: confidence interval.