Table 3.

Relation between healthcare associated infection rates and teamwork climate items and scale

		Fixed Models				Mixed Models
Teamwork item	Model	PE	SE	P	OR* (95%CI)	PE	SE	P	OR* (95%CI)	R2
1. Nurse input is well received in this NICU.	CF + Q1	-1.20	0.44	0.007	0.89 (0.81-0.97)	-1.01	0.99	0.310	0.90 (0.77-1.06)	0.204
2. It is difficult to speak up if I perceive a problem with patient care.**	CF + Q2r	-1.60	0.46	<0.001	0.85 (0.78-0.93)	-0.84	1.07	0.431	0.92 (0.77-1.10)	0.202
3. Disagreements in this NICU are appropriately received.	CF + Q3	-1.67	0.41	<0.001	0.85 (0.78-0.92)	-1.57	0.86	0.069	0.85 (0.74-0.99)	0.209
4. I have the support I need from others in this NICU to care for patients.	CF + Q4	-1.64	0.67	0.014	0.85 (0.74-0.97)	-0.62	1.49	0.680	0.94 (0.74-1.20)	0.201
5. It is easy for personnel here to ask questions when there is something they do not understand.	CF + Q5	-2.59	0.57	<0.001	0.77 (0.69-0.86)	-2.09	1.34	0.118	0.81 (0.65-1.01)	0.207
6. The physicians and nurses here work together as a well-coordinated team.	CF + Q6	-1.94	0.35	<0.001	0.82 (0.77-0.88)	-2.09	0.74	0.005	0.81 (0.72-0.92)	0.218
1.-6. Teamwork Scale Score	CF + Q1-6	-2.30	0.36	<0.001	0.79 (0.74-0.85)	-2.02	0.72	0.005	0.82 (0.73-0.92)	0.217

n = 2073 respondents in 44 NICUs. HAI – Healthcare associated infection, CF – Clinical factors; included sex, small for gestational age, gestational age in weeks, outborn and APGAR score at 5 minutes, PE - Parameter estimate, SE – Standard error, OR – Odds ratio,

^*Odds ratio calculated as the change in odds of infection of an infant for every 10% absolute difference in respondents reporting good teamwork.

^**Reverse scored. Mixed models with NICU as random effect. R² is calculated as a marginal R² representing the variance explained by fixed factors. Marginal R² for a model fitting clinical factors only was 0.201. Teamwork scale conditional R², which takes into account both fixed and random factors, was 0.262.