Fig. 3.

Carrying APOE ε4 modified executive function over 12 months. Unadjusted Factor 3 scores, which represent performance on multiple neuropsychological tests assessing executive function, are plotted at each time point (black circles for APOE ε4 non-carriers and gray circles for APOE ε4 carriers). Lines represent fitted values from the mixed model, which include both linear predictions of the fixed portion plus contributions based on predicted random effects. This reflects the trajectory of cognitive testing performance during the 12 months following the intervention, which took place from months 0–3. Scores are shown for individuals from both the intervention and control groups. There was an interaction between APOE ε4 × Time via two-tailed mixed effect linear regression accounting for age at baseline, gender, years of education, main effects, and baseline score. The interaction remained significant after adjustment for false discovery rate (FDR). Raw ^*p < 0.05.