Table 1. Ongoing or completed clinical trials on ECCO₂R in critically ill patients with COPD or hypercapnic respiratory failure.

Study	Status	Study design	Identifier	Study title
Nava et al.	Active, recruiting	Interventional single-group trial	NCT02259335	Weaning from mechanical ventilation using extracorporeal CO2 removal (WeanPRO)
Not specified	Active, not recruiting	Prospective observational	NCT02965079	Registry on the experience of extracorporeal CO2 removal in intensive care units (REXECOR)
Morelli et al.	Completed	Interventional single-group trial	NCT02564406	Extracorporeal CO2 removal in hypercapnic patients
Nava et al.	Active, recruiting	Interventional single-group trial	NCT02260583	Effect of extracorporeal CO2 removal in stable hypercapnic COPD patients
Diehl et al.	Active, recruiting	Interventional single-group trial	NCT02586948	Physiological study of minimally invasive ECCO2R in exacerbations of COPD requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (EPHEBE)
Hill et al.	Not yet recruiting	Multicenter randomized controlled trial	NCT03255057	Extracorporeal CO2 removal for mechanical ventilation avoidance during acute exacerbation of COPD (VENT-AVOID)
Barrett et al.	Active, recruiting	Randomized controlled trial	NCT02086084	ECCO2R as an adjunct to NIV in AECOPD
Stefan et al.	Completed	Interventional single group trial	NCT02590575	“Low flow” CO2 removal on RRT

ECCO₂R, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CO₂, carbon dioxide; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; AECOPD, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; RRT, renal replacement therapy.