Table 6.
Phytochemical results of edible flowers from eight species of the Zingiberaceae family found in Thailand.
| Phytochemicals | AG | AM | CP | EE | HF(Y) | HF(O) | ZO | ZOT | ZZ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin C (mg/100 g) | – | – | 0.08 ± 0.00b | 1.05 ± 0.03a | – | – | 0.05 ± 0.00c | 0.09 ± 0.00b | – |
| Total phenolics (mg GAE/g extracts) | 0.28 ± 0.02b | 0.28 ± 0.02b | 0.16 ± 0.02e | 2.29 ± 0.00a | 0.30 ± 0.03b | 0.31 ± 0.00b | 0.14 ± 0.01e | 0.20 ± 0.01c,d | 0.23 ± 0.00c |
| Total flavonoids (mg RE/g extracts) | 18.50 ± 0.02f | 20.17 ± 1.15e | 15.50 ± 0.20i | 42.50 ± 2.64a | 22.83 ± 0.61d | 27.5 ± 0.46c | 37.50 ± 0.50b | 16.50 ± 0.73h | 16.83 ± 0.58g |
| DPPH (% inhibition) | 42.88 ± 1.36c | 49.46 ± 0.53b | 25.35 ± 0.77g | 68.70 ± 1.26a | 29.78 ± 1.52f | 37.78 ± 0.32e | 38.21 ± 0.81d | 23.91 ± 1.95h | 9.99 ± 1.99i |
| IC50 (mg/mL)j | 4.60 ± 0.41c | 4.38 ± 0.37b | 8.48 ± 0.59f | 2.86 ± 0.02a | 7.10 ± 0.56f | 5.85 ± 0.02e | 4.87 ± 0.12d | 10.77 ± 0.23g | 24.72 ± 0.73h |
| ABTS (mg TEAC/g extract) | 4.16 ± 0.22c | 3.78 ± 0.07d | 2.90 ± 0.27h | 3.64 ± 0.03f | 3.19 ± 0.05g | 5.38 ± 0.11a | 3.22 ± 0.21e | 3.70 ± 0.22e | 4.91 ± 0.04b |
Values are mean of the triplicates ± SE.
AG, Alpinia galanga; AM, Amomum maximum; CP, Curcuma plicata; EE, Etlingera elatior; HF(Y), Hedychium forrestii (yellow filament); HF(O), H. forrestii (orange filament); ZO, Zingiber officinale; ZOT, Z. ottensii; ZZ, Z. zerumbet; DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid).
a–iMean values with different superscript letter within the samerow of each parameters are significantly different at P < 0.05.
jIC50 = the concentration of sample extract, which reduces the free radical DPPH about 50%.