Table 5.
Maternal dietary intake on one Ramadan day as compared with 1 month after Ramadan within fasting women*
(Mean values with their standard errors; medians and interquartile ranges)
| During Ramadan (n 15) | After Ramadan (n 15) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | se | Mean | se | P | |
| Total energy | 0·22 | ||||
| kcal | 1527·3 | 103·2 | 1744·1 | 165·3 | |
| kJ | 6390·2 | 431·8 | 7297·3 | 691·6 | |
| Water (g) | 1686·5 | 110·9 | 2255·3 | 152·6 | <0·01 |
| Protein (g) | 52·5 | 5·0 | 54·8 | 5·0 | 0·69 |
| Fat (g)† | 42·0 | 63·3 | 58·1 | 34·2 | 0·02 |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 196·3 | 16·4 | 246·9 | 26·0 | 0·07 |
| Dietary fibre (g) | 10·4 | 0·9 | 10·1 | 1·2 | 0·80 |
| PUFA (g)† | 11·6 | 12·0 | 7·7 | 8·1 | 0·41 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 234·7 | 45·3 | 228·8 | 40·5 | 0·93 |
| Vitamin A (mg)† | 1049·8 | 1224·3 | 2011·5 | 1581·7 | 0·02 |
| Carotene (mg)† | 0·0 | 356·3 | 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·06 |
| Vitamin E (mg)† | 0·0 | 2·4 | 0·0 | 0·3 | 0·51 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg)† | 0·6 | 0·4 | 0·5 | 0·4 | 0·87 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 0·8 | 0·10 | 0·8 | 0·14 | 0·82 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1·2 | 0·14 | 1·2 | 0·16 | 0·97 |
| Folic acid (μg)† | 0·0 | 210·0 | 0·0 | 6·5 | 0·95 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 62·4 | 12·0 | 78·7 | 16·2 | 0·40 |
| Na (mg)† | 383·9 | 644·9 | 285·9 | 906·8 | 0·78 |
| K (mg) | 1583·4 | 153·7 | 1589·0 | 191·1 | 0·98 |
| Ca (mg) | 485·9 | 71·7 | 378·9 | 71·5 | 0·26 |
| Mg (mg) | 240·1 | 25·6 | 222·6 | 25·2 | 0·59 |
| P (mg)† | 835·2 | 448·4 | 646·5 | 321·4 | 0·39 |
| Fe (mg)† | 8·2 | 12·4 | 8·0 | 4·4 | 0·23 |
| Zn (mg) | 6·3 | 0·6 | 6·5 | 0·6 | 0·81 |
| Protein (% TE) | 13·9 | 1·1 | 13·0 | 0·7 | 0·49 |
| Fat (% TE)† | 29·8 | 38·1 | 29·5 | 7·9 | 0·09 |
| Carbohydrates (% TE) | 50·8 | 2·3 | 56·4 | 1·5 | 0·01 |
% TE, percentage of total energy.
*
Results are based on estimation using 24 h nutrition recall. P values are based on the paired-samples t test or Wilcoxon signed-ranks test in the case of skewed data.
†
Skewed data. Medians and interquartile ranges.