Table 1.
Demographics data of 33 consecutive patients receiving ECMO with or without hemolysis in a single tertiary ICU from October 2009 to February 2015
| Variables | Mean (Median), Percentage % (number) | Range, (IQR) |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 44 (48) | 13–77 (29–57) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 42.4% (14) | |
| Female | 57.6% (19) | |
| Indications of ECMO | ||
| Respiratory causes | 42.4% (14) | |
| Viral pneumonia | 18.2% (6) | |
| Bacterial pneumonia | 6.1% (2) | |
| Massive hemoptysis | 6.1% (2) | |
| Other respiratory diagnosis | 3.0% (1) | |
| Extrapulmonary ARDS | 3.0% (1) | |
| Chest injuries | 3.0% (1) | |
| Asthma | 3.0% (1) | |
| Cardiovascular causes | 57.6% (19) | |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 6.1% (2) | |
| Myocarditis | 9.1% (3) | |
| Severe valvular regurgitation/stenosis | 9.1% (3) | |
| Postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock | 27.3% (9) | |
| Amniotic fluid embolism | 3.0% (1) | |
| Massive pulmonary embolism | 3.0% (1) | |
| Severe pulmonary hypertension | 3.0% (1) | |
| CRRT while on ECMO | 50% (14)a | |
| Mode | ||
| VV | 33.3% (11) | |
| VA | 63.6% (21) | |
| VV converted to VA | 3.0% (1) | |
| Clinical signs of hemolysis while on ECMO | 6.1% (2) | |
| Bleeding complications (overall) | 24.2% (8) | |
| Cannulation site | 3.0% (1) | |
| Tracheostomy site | 3.0% (1) | |
| Sternotomy site requiring resternotomy | 6.1% (2) | |
| Gastrointestinal | 3.0% (1) | |
| Hemothorax | 9.1% (3) | |
| Number of days on ECMO | 8.8 (4.5) | 1–37 (2–11) |
| Wean from ECMO | 53.1% (17)b | |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 14.0 (11.5) | 1–50 (3–16) |
| Death within ICU | 48.5% (16) | |
| Hospital deathc | 48.5% (16) | |
| Hemolysisd | 6.1% (2) | |
| CO‐Hb <3% | 0% (0) | |
| CO‐Hb >3% | 100% (2) | |
| Without Hemolysise | 93.9% (31) | |
| CO‐Hb <3% | 96.8% (30) | |
| CO‐Hb >3% | 3.2% (1) | |
IQR, interquartile range; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
a
CRRT after ECMO; CRRT is provided after ECMO is initiated, five patients’ data are missing.
b
Wean from ECMO; liberation from ECMO without death in the next 7 days and second run ECMO, one patient's data are missing.
c
Hospital death; death before hospital discharge to home or a convalescent hospital.
d
Hemolysis; plasma‐free Hb >50 mg/dL.
e
Without Hemolysis; plasma‐free Hb <50 mg/dL.