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. 2018 Jan 26;50(1):e434. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.247

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Copyright © 2018 The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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RNF138 is responsible for downregulation of DDIT3-mediated apoptosis leading to radioresistance in GBM cells. (a) The effects of RNF138 WT or rpS3 mut (K214A) overexpression on the transcriptional activities of DDIT3 in normal U87MG and ΔRNF138 U87MG cells were compared by luciferase reporter gene assay. The data are represented as the mean±s.e.m. (n=3); *P<0.05 compared to normal U87MG cells treated with irradiation-alone, **P<0.05 compared with ΔRNF138 U87MG cells treated with irradiation-alone, ^***P<0.05 compared with ΔRNF138 U87MG cells treated with RNF138 WT overexpression and irradiation. (b) Binding of DDIT3 to the promoter of GADD34 in normal U87MG and ΔRNF138 U87MG cells was measured by ChIP analysis. (c) The expression levels of GADD34 protein in normal U87MG and ΔRNF138 U87MG cells were measured by western blotting. (d, e) Functional involvement of RNF138, rpS3, DDIT3 and GADD34 in radiation-induced apoptosis was analyzed by caspase assay (d) and cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation assay (e). The data are represented as the mean±s.e.m. (n=3); *P<0.05 compared with normal U87MG cells treated with irradiation-alone, **P<0.05 compared with ΔRNF138 U87MG cells treated with irradiation-alone, ^***P<0.05 compared with ΔRNF138 U87MG cells treated with RNF138 WT overexpression and irradiation. (f) Functional involvement of RNF138, rpS3, DDIT3 and GADD34 in normal U87MG and ΔRNF138 U87MG cells following radiation exposure was assessed by colony forming assay. The data are represented as the mean±s.e.m. (n=3); *P<0.05 compared with normal U87MG cells treated with irradiation-alone, **P<0.05 compared with ΔRNF138 U87MG cells treated with irradiation-alone, ^***P<0.05 compared with ΔRNF138 U87MG cells treated with RNF138 WT overexpression and irradiation.