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. 2018 Feb 2;11:47–54. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S150553

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© 2018 Shakhatreh et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Frequency of some microbes in the waterpipe smokers isolated from the subgingiva of participants. Significant changes in the frequency of (A) Fusobacerium nucleatum and (B) Candida albicans in the subgingiva of participants. *Indicates significant changes (p < 0.05) using the chi-square test.