Table 2.
Characteristics of participants
| Characteristics | Waterpipe group | Control group | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 23.98 ± 2.77 | 24.14 ± 4.37 | 0.8 (using Mann–Whitney U-test) |
| Age range, years | 19–32 | 19–35 | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 44 (74.5%) | 27 (65.9%) | 0.4 (using χ2 test) |
| Female | 15 (25.5%) | 14 (34.1%) | |
| History of oral infection | |||
| Yes | 38 (64.4%) | 16 (39.0%) | 0.01 (using χ2 test) |
| No | 21 (35.6%) | 25 (61.0%) | |
| Waterpipe use: sessions per week (mean ± SD) | 4.98 ± 2.12 | – | |
| Duration of WP session, minutes | |||
| Less than 30 | 12 (20.3%) | – | |
| 30–60 | 29 (49.2%) | ||
| 61–90 | 15 (25.4%) | ||
| More than 90 | 3 (5.1%) | ||
| Age of initiation, years | |||
| Less than 14 | 3 (5.1%) | – | |
| 15–17 | 14 (23.7%) | ||
| 18–21 | 30 (50.9%) | ||
| More than 21 | 12 (20.3%) | ||
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; WP, waterpipe.