Table 2.
Association between parasitaemia and non-febrile clinical illness
| No parasitaemia | Submicroscopic parasitaemia | Microscopic parasitaemia | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Association between parasitaemia and non-febrile clinical illnessa | |||
| Age 0.5–< 2 | |||
| Risk | 74/293 (25.3%) | 27/120 (22.5%) | 31/71 (43.7%) |
| RRb (95% CI) | Reference group | 0.90 (0.60–1.36) | 1.73 (1.28–2.35) |
| p value | – | 0.60 | < 0.01 |
| Age 2–< 5 | |||
| Risk | 181/1158 (15.6%) | 96/508 (18.9%) | 87/393 (22.1%) |
| RRb (95% CI) | Reference group | 1.16 (0.92–1.46) | 1.39 (1.09–1.77) |
| p value | – | 0.22 | 0.01 |
| Age 5–10 | |||
| Risk | 185/2153 (8.6%) | 152/1267 (12.0%) | 191/1379 (13.9%) |
| RRb (95% CI) | Reference group | 1.44 (1.17–1.78) | 1.71 (1.37–2.13) |
| p value | – | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Age 0.5–10 | |||
| Risk | 440/3604 (12.2%) | 275/1895 (14.5%) | 309/1843 (16.8%) |
| RRb (95% CI) | Reference group | 1.26 (1.09–1.47) | 1.52 (1.30–1.78) |
| p value | – | < 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Age ≥ 18 | |||
| Risk | 119/948 (12.6%) | 94/679 (13.8%) | 12/106 (11.3%) |
| RRb (95% CI) | Reference group | 1.10 (0.82–1.48) | 0.96 (0.52–1.76) |
| p value | – | 0.52 | 0.89 |
| No parasitaemia | Submicroscopic parasitaemia | |
|---|---|---|
| Association between parasitaemia and non-febrile clinical illness, excluding those with recent malariac | ||
| Age 0.5–< 2 | ||
| Risk | 72/284 (25.4%) | 22/81 (27.2%) |
| RRb (95% CI) | Reference group | 1.08 (0.70–1.66) |
| p value | – | 0.74 |
| Age 2–< 5 | ||
| Risk | 172/1100 (15.6%) | 72/378 (19.1%) |
| RRb (95% CI) | Reference group | 1.18 (0.90–1.53) |
| p value | – | 0.23 |
| Age 5–10 | ||
| Risk | 175/2034 (8.6%) | 144/1161 (12.4%) |
| RRb (95% CI) | Reference group | 1.45 (1.16–1.80) |
| p value | – | < 0.01 |
| Age 0.5–10 | ||
| Risk | 419/3418 (12.3%) | 238/1620 (14.7%) |
| RRb (95% CI) | Reference group | 1.25 (1.07–1.46) |
| p value | – | < 0.01 |
| Age ≥ 18 | ||
| Risk | 117/930 (12.6%) | 93/672 (13.8%) |
| RRc (95% CI) | Reference group | 1.10 (0.82–1.48) |
| p value | – | 0.53 |
aComposite variable based on self-report of abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, headache, joint pain, muscle ache, seizure, or jaundice at routine visit
bAdjusted for repeated measures in the same study participant
cExcludes participants who were diagnosed with malaria in the past 14 days or developed malaria in the next 7 days