Table 8.

A comparison between DMTO and some existing diabetes treatment ontologies

Dimension	DMTO	DKOs [21]	Chen et al. [14]	Chalortham et al. [34]	Zhang et al. [35]	OntoDiabetic [33]
Purpose	Treatment	Treatment	Treatment	Treatment	Treatment	Treatment
Available for reuse	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Based on a unified top-level ontology	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Encoded using standardized terminology	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No
Based on OWL 2 and SWRL	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Interoperable with EHR systems	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No
Decisions based on the whole patient profile	Yes	Yes	Only 6 tests entered by user	No	Yes	Yes
Based on standard knowledge (e.g., collected from CPGs)	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Uses a systematic method for creation	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No
Delivers treatment plans with drugs, lifestyle, and education	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No
Models diabetes drugs	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
Models drugs affecting glucose level	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Models drug properties	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Models T2DM comorbidities	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Reuses existing ontologies	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes
Ontology coverage (number of classes, properties, axioms, and rules)	Table 10	NA	18 drugs +6 rules	NA	NA	NA
Models temporal semantics	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No