Figure 1.

Schematic illustration of possible pathways through which environment impacts type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Adapted from Poortinga [34], Northridge et al. [41], and Giles-Corti et al. [42]. ^I include walking, jogging and cycling infrastructure, open spaces, trails, etc.; ^II include supermarkets, shops, food outlets, recreational and other facilities, etc.; ^III include street connectivity, density, land use, sidewalks, walkable destinations, etc.; ^IV include housing condition, design, aesthetics, etc.; ^V smoking and drinking; ^VI high blood sugar levels below the range of T2DM diagnosis, also referred to as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG).